| day 1 |
Theoretical introduction: structure of matter, natural materials, engineering materials: metals and their alloys, engineering ceramics, polymers, composites.
- Mechanical and technological properties of metals and methods of their determination: static tensile test (Rp, Rsp, Re or R0,2, Rm, A, Z - methods of their calculation, static hardness measurements: Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Knoop, Khrushchev-Bierkowicz, Grodziński, dynamic measurements: Poldi hammer, Shore scleroscope, impact strength.
- Structure and properties: periodic table of elements, atomic structure, interactions between atoms, the presence or absence of crystallographic lattices, basic crystallographic systems and especially those occurring in metals: A1, A2 and A3 – their influence on the properties of alloys.
- Plastic working of metals and their alloys: mechanisms of plastic deformation: slippage and twinning, crystallographic defects: point, linear, surface, the influence of structural defect density on the strength properties and strengthening of metals and their alloys, cold plastic working, degree of deformation and inter-operational (recrystallization) annealing.
- Metallurgy: Division and classification of Fe alloys: steels, cast steel, cast iron. What is steel? Methods of obtaining (melting steel), alloying and secondary metallurgy refining, casting methods (COS – continuous casting of steel, top casting, siphon casting – bottom casting). Attempts to repair liquation in ingots – hot plastic working (rolling, drawing, forging (free, die, on hydraulic presses, hammers or swaging machines), degree of processing.
- Iron-carbon phase equilibrium diagram: solutions, mixtures and intermetallic phases, simple two-component phase equilibrium diagrams, Fe-C diagram, carbon steels and their characteristics (phase composition), occurrence and analysis of phase transformations (peritectic, eutectic, eutectoid transformation), analysis of the phase composition of steel, cast steel and cast iron based on the diagram and metallographic images, and the influence of the phase structure on the properties of these groups of materials.
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| day 2 |
- CTPc and CTPi curves: cooling rate and methods (continuous or with an isothermal stop), critical cooling rate, phase transformations during cooling (martensitic and bainitic transformation), the difference between bainite and martensite and how it affects the properties.
- Hardening guidelines: the influence of alloying elements on the characteristic points and the shape of the iron-carbon diagram or on the CTPC curves and thus on the structure, hardenability, susceptibility to heat treatment and properties of steel, the chemical composition of steel and its thermal conductivity, the hardenability of steel, the hardenability of steel, heat hardening, heat treatment, precipitation hardening (solution treatment and aging - as an alternative to non-ferrous metal alloys and corrosion-resistant alloy steels with an austenitic structure).
- Heating devices: general discussion of heating devices, types of devices, heating media.
- Cooling devices: general discussion of cooling devices, hardening media and their types, types of hardening media - their division according to composition and purpose, cooling rate, thermal conductivity of steel and the selection of hardening medium, discussion of the causes of possible hardening cracks, discussion of the causes of changes in geometric form (shape and dimensions) for both heat treatment and hardening processes.
- Protective atmospheres in heat treatments: general discussion of the issue.
- Hardening and tempering methods: discussion of the basic methods of surface or volume hardening and martensitic or bainitic hardening, the need for tempering after hardening and the transformations occurring during the heating of hardened steel.
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| day 3 |
- Thermochemical treatment: carburizing – discussion of the essence of the process, type of steel for carburizing, selection of the thickness of the carburized layer, nitriding – as in the case of the carburizing process, carbonitriding (cyanidation) – analysis of the process and comparison with carburizing.
- Analysis of possible defects and errors in heat treatment: incorrectly selected austenitizing temperature, incorrectly selected austenitizing time, incorrectly selected heating device, incorrectly selected protective atmosphere, incorrectly selected cooling medium, incorrectly selected tempering temperature (irreversible and reversible tempering embrittlement), incorrectly selected number of tempering cycles
- Annealing: with an allotropic transformation (homogenizing, normalizing, complete, softening, isothermal) or without this transformation (recrystallizing, annealing, stabilizing)
- Precipitation hardening (solution hardening and aging): as an alternative to conventional heat treatment for alloys that do not exhibit allotropic varieties (corrosion-resistant alloy steels with austenitic structure, special alloys, superalloys, non-ferrous metal alloys - Al alloys and Cu alloys)
- Thermal layering: metallic or ceramic protecting against tribological wear or thermal fatigue, metallization – chrome plating (plasma or oxyacetylene torch), PVD processes – Physical Vapour Deposition, CVD processes – Chemical Vapour Deposition.
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